Washington — Reductions in child mortality and progress in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria are among the top 10 public health achievements in the first decade of the 21st century, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
The nation’s premier public health agency published “Ten Great Public Health Achievements — Worldwide, 2001-2010” June 24 in its Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).
The CDC polled global health experts for their nominations in public health achievements. The list is derived from those suggestions. The report says these 10 are not ranked; all hold equal standing.
Two million fewer children die before the age of 5 than in years past, evidence that a reduction in child mortality is a significant health achievement of the last decade, according to the report. The annual rate of improvement in child mortality is also increasing. Greater access to immunizations, micronutrient supplementation and expanded access to freshwater helped to save the lives of children who might have died too soon in the past.
Expanded vaccination campaigns are key to the steep decline in deaths from infectious diseases, according to MMWR. Immunization against measles, polio and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis prevented 2.5 million deaths a year. Broader understanding of the effectiveness of vaccines and innovative financing mechanisms led to this health achievement, according to MMWR.
The proportion of the world population with access to safe water rose from 83 percent in 2000 to 87 percent in 2008, while access to improved sanitation increased from 58 percent to 61 percent. These combined initiatives are helping to save young children from succumbing to diarrhea, which kills more young children every year than AIDS, malaria and measles combined.
A reduction in the number of new cases of HIV/AIDS and expanded access to treatment for the AIDS disease are also cited as health achievements of the last decade. The population in low- and middle-income countries receiving anti-retroviral treatment climbed to more than 5 million by 2009, a number that was inconceivable when the decade began.
The campaign against HIV/AIDS is closely linked to a reduction in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis, one of the opportunistic infections that can attack the compromised immune system of a person who has developed AIDS. “Since 2000, case detection and treatment success rates each have risen nearly 20 percent, with incidence and prevalence declining in every region,” according to MMWR.
The first decade of the 21st century also brought progress against diseases that had come to be known as “neglected” tropical diseases, not because they are rare, but because they affect the world’s poorest people who have little economic or political power to muster a strong counter-disease strategy. The expert poll found concerted efforts to make progress against three of these conditions, and elimination or eradication is in sight for dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis. Fewer than 1,800 cases of Guinea worm disease were detected in 2010, and the CDC reports it is on the way to eradication. Drug distribution has controlled river blindness in the six countries where it is a threat, and elimination of transmission is expected by 2012. Lymphatic filariasis infected 120 million people in 2000, but massive drug administration campaigns have dramatically scaled back the number of cases. Sixty-three countries are still at risk.
Sometimes lives saved are not the measure of success, and such is the case with tobacco control. Premature deaths linked to smoking have risen by some 600,000 since 2000, but governmental commitments to reduce smoking through smoke-free policies, taxation, education, advertising and other methods surged, and for that reason, the CDC expert poll ranks tobacco control among the great public health achievements of the decade.
Education and awareness are the hallmark of progress for the CDC designation of global road safety as a public health achievement. Worldwide 1.3 million people die on the road each year, a number that is still climbing in developing nations. But the report finds an increased awareness of highway deaths as a public health issue, which has led to significant declines in road deaths in Europe. The U.N. General Assembly has designated 2011 to 2020 as a Decade of Action for Road Safety.
Increased international cooperation in the public health community has helped boost detection and awareness of pandemic diseases, another public health achievement of the last decade, the CDC said. International Health Regulations that became effective in 2007 provide greater capabilities for coordinated analysis and response in the event of an outbreak of a new virulent disease, the report says.
Through the CDC and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the United States has lent significant support to these achievements in public health. The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), launched with $15 billion in 2003, has helped distribute HIV/AIDS treatment to millions of people. In 2010, the Obama administration introduced the Global Health Initiative, a $60 billion program to continue the battle against disease in the developing world. The United States has also been in a leader in expanding immunization programs to protect more and more children from infectious disease, and in the continued pursuit of the eradication of polio.
The CDC report is available on the agency’s website.
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Benedito Ubirata This article explains a little call for concern with the issue reversal of moral values to the older. The year the values that had called the elders in a society, lost to the devaluation, and concern only and exclusively monetary and economic policy. Killing and despise their elders would be perhaps the revolution and not evolution darwin darwian. For Darwin the older animals would be if they were human contempt because they were weaker. And Darwin in evolution are always the weak and defeated by the community of animals discarded by the stronger. This could give way to a genetic view that only relies on combinations of biochemical evolution over time. But genetics also adds the knowledge acquired by previous animal. That is, if the acquired knowledge and previous animal survives even being more fragile, their offspring will add knowledge through genetics. Noting that the common animal. Now if you look at the human animal, that being older can not be dismissed as nowadays they are being disregarded.
Perhaps the article demonstrates this. He has only one premise, the observation paleontology. But you can look at other premises of the contamination present, the past 30 years of human will want to Darwinism but not in the conceptual opposition creationist versus evolutionist like watching and perhaps allowed themselves to divert attention, because it seems like just a trap of media to a prevailing social and economic plan does not take responsibility for class of human that only older can receive their pensions, creating a symbolic battle between religious and scientists so imbecile as diverting attention to the political level to consolidate. In the single fact worked a lifetime to sustain and keep the children alive. And acquired knowledge and at this stage can still collaborate with their ability to assimilate knowledge. This might explain why in the days when the plans started strongly in the system from 1986 to 1987 after taking some introductory books on philosophy in the old law office of my cousin in Mogi Mirim, a small town in Brazil. Some topics such as hypocrisy, demagoguery, existentialism, innateness, Socrates, Aristotle, philosophical thought versus scientific thinking, what most upset him was the empirical, or experience, writing briefly.
Other topics were placed, as phenomenology, and experimentalism that I reviewed almost all the university with observation of the physical sciences that a lot of practice the experimental, something that does not like to think but in the 90’s they were discussing something that worked very well. But what most marked the 80 in this discussion was empiricism. I was naive, I was more concerned with getting ready for the university to realize the influence that began to mark with concern to the elderly.
I was able to talk even in the 80’s that I liked to live with their elders, and had no problems with them, a trademark was brought from my childhood.
But did not realize the call of concern and selection of those who do not always leave out the older (and not even realize that I practiced the protection of older and had been selected).
After this concern with the elderly would be easier in college I could not stay away from them (the gerontocracy), my questions were too heavy and caused non-existent projects, was called a pioneer in the corners of the university in all I move, and Obviously the older ones always gave me the base. Over time, I could not see what happened in contrast to my childhood and adolescence, which was the loss of human sensitivity to the elderly in the society outside the university, my time in it were consumed by almost every year, I lived in it all day and sometimes at night and dawn (extended periods within the Electronic Computing Center, then inside the laboratories of geology (mineralogy and hydrogeology miscroscopia) and then the phase is more modest than in the experimental phase field in lakes and rivers with hydrology and engineering geology, with the rest of sampling within my practice area dedicated to the sport. It was a convenient marriage between leisure, sport, science and education, and experimentation at this stage I am completely removed from society, almost ten years.
The cries about it long and Gerontology were everywhere, generated internal conflicts, until I came across institutionally with the need for destruction of the institution that there was an elder. The so called gerontrocacia older class that could collaborate with the young in experience was beginning to grow again and making me to new conflicts.
As in the early 90’s these speeches I made against my internal conflicts to my observations were only considered as acts of malicious and ulterior motives to protect me from what I considered persecution.
I took a silence, submission accepted the idea that I was under the persecution mania and I went back to strengthen and rebuild me. At that time I not only realized the devastating force of a growing company in the way of thinking in all places and media, and as I began criticizing in order to feel less fragile, I was criticized by many people that I used this speech as be an excuse to hide that I was not. It was a clever way to marginalize those who perceived negative psychological social waves everywhere, my base was perception of human behavior. I lived with many foreigners to the country, I talked to almost all social classes. I taught computer graphics in a rich neighborhood in the state capital where he lived, I lived and studied abroad, I rode the bus and went to the bars of the simplest classes and poor, and traveled widely to the rural economy (the lucky or unlucky I studied the course, geology).
Today 15 years later, is so visible that it was not a persecution, that even the older more powerful felt threatened that they are missing their consciousness of the need for a systematic almost sensitive psychosocial wave of extermination of the older just to make survive the public purse can not afford the cash values and benefits to older retirees, or who want to continue to serve with their knowledge.
In my country, a former governor of a state to the south of this, had to borrow money from the World Bank can meet the payments of its retirees and pensioners, the elderly, many constitutions laws change with the older more unjust in contrast old.
End Mania chase.
It was a chase, yes, those speeches contained strong warning to the systematic disregard of the oldest major.
In the 90s I was a student at a major university and a good ability to reason, I could become a political leader and this could be the end to put plans in order that other people had the ability to manipulate the consciences of population. I left the plane to contrast the speeches even though the director of an academic center and with other favorable points curriculum and was trying to survive.
The reality that makes me happy is that in less time, I thought, there are already plans to replace the society, the deepest thoughts of psycho social, withdraw from society based on Darwinian thinking to the political thought of infuence manipulated or not Society.
Darwin has no relation to policy and public administration, is genocide.
He can only have their models related to the lower animals, they do not have the intelligence to make them negotiate, study, develop their skills.
They survive only by instinct if not by genetic evolution of their ancestors will always be decimated natural disasters or unnatural. We do not sometimes survive natural and unnatural disasters in just one generation. Not waiting instincts are built by the generations that have emerged as Darwin explains the survival of a species.
The human species survive a catastrophe independent of the instincts. Sometimes in less than a generation, the problem she sees, feels, if you let down and is restored.
Consider the development of natural and unnatural pandemics or infections. These are made by human error, or natural appearance of microorganisms, where the solution happens without that decrease the population in less than a generation. As an example we have the Spanish Flu, or bubonic plague, flu versus swine.
The first decimated the human population, if by Darwin, we would have to kill the most fragile with the flu and the plague generations and leaving the strongest to generate a new class of human strengths to it, to disappear.
On the contrary it made it disappear in less than a generation. Without the extermination of the weak, manufacture the medicines and vaccines and vitamins. We entered the prevention and remediation. When the model of Darwin, he presents the evolution preventative in animals?
We do not see remedial action.
The introduction of political discussion and elimination of the view that Darwin and evolution in the human species is good to see if the plan terminates once moronic devaluation of the older empiricism.
For those who enjoy movies or cinematrográficas arts, perhaps the influence of concern in my speech that system jerk anti gerontocratic (on older ones) could see the movie that I watched to 8 years old, I think it was a good influences on this topic, there are other more important topics in this film can be seen that this view is idiotic action by the Darwinian older. The movie “Soylent Green” (1973) director Richard Fleischer adapted a novel by Harry Harrison, with the famous Charlton Heston and Leigh Taylor-Young.
See the poster below:
See the video below.
See the construction of ecological living by Darwin, a group of animals, eg deer found in Africa, where it escape from predators, the stronger and more young people come out ahead because they are more agile and more purposefully leave gazelles frail and older back. They leave the deer just for predators to have the older as food and satiation. Will be satisfied and go away leaving them unmolested. On this view Darwin is a Darwinian model that well represents the evolution in the animal world. The strongest survive, and leave your strength in genetic code that left him alive. This will become instinct regarding genetic influence on behavior.
The exception to the rule of the animals to predators and preyed but strong, is only in the case of these predators wanting to take the puppies in rare excetions. In this case the strongest may have an intervention. The female becomes violent and even more agile to escape it returns to save the puppy. This applies well to Darwin because this makes the species is protected from extinction.
Feel inside Darwinnist calls to mind the latest political thought since there is a movie that was also called as the air after it was published the year. The film is the opposite of the first concern but it is interesting because he tries to mend the damage already installed reviewing a big mistake in Soviet culture in the Second World War. This shows that already in the 90 sets in the despair of something lost control and then you are starting to worry about the younger ones. I realized that connotation with the recall of religious institutions to the great movement of Catholic renacenstist phase with the concern of the child and the society then showed Jesus Christ in your cults like the baby Jesus. Something happened at the time that the Church was concerned, and puts the propaganda that gave birth to the movement of the Jesuits. Something learned in the classroom at the university, a reminder. For Education is learned that this movement is a revolution in education of human beings at the time. One begins to worry about education. And this concern can be seen in all media in the 90’s with great force that reaches out to the Media … for example I just assuming something that I always had skill, care for girls, something always easy as a child with my little aunts …
The film is beautiful, and teaches history and Soviet culture in the 40s in the middle of World War II despite novel is a true fact, and the director tries to focus on something that clearly seems to have taken courses to return as culture. I think this may have happened please. The observations suggest that the central figure already discussed might have been placed as a cultural practice. I realize this because I had a deceased brother, we were both students university public in Brazil. Both were very strong to survive the negative cultural impacts was established, and many complained. Not so with many others was always discussed the erroneous idea of parents choosing to have children a stronger and preferable for failing in their despair, all lead to the survival of a catastrophe, or any large problem happened. My mother gave an educational trend not to differentiate the two had the same chances and were forced to be strong without penalty at the same time and resistents. I had to treat one another and more. The film shows clearly that the interim but should see hysteria existing collective unconscious in the 90 and 2000. If you see that with these films, which was already discussed in a research setting in psychology and education of children and the issue of differentiation of education either. Introdution becomes strongly in all media … Even away from him. Something happens that cares so well with children.
In my view is the imbecility of the Darwinian model that had seen hysteria of those who are powerful in-depth see something already hysterical and inserted in the society in which they teem to manage. They fund projects for extensive observation of children’s topic.
Watch the movie “Attack on Leningrad” (2009) director Aleksandr Buravsky with Gabriel Byrne and Mira Sorvino.See the poster below:
See the video below:
But for humans that would be stupid, discard the oldest. Let the elders to predation and just run for the youngest would be after a while not knowing which is the crucial tool to protect human beings. In humans, as you know that knowledge is something much more valuable for example the high speed of a gazelle to the predator, or by the cold, just using the intelligence, and stuck with the oldest who holds the knowledge of how to quickly and instantly memory of something called a civilization.
Finally, humans do not have the older ones would have to be using the same search time ever, “rediscovering the wheel” because it would have an older one around, just to say that it worked or not something in the past. The library, the older, reading books and writing are memories. They are sacred records.
Read “The Name of the Rose” Umberto Eco, and see what I had to rarefy as called in the 80’s. Do not just watch the content of whodunit as the film shows and many lead only to see it. This is the error. Aristoteles, the verb, the laughter, the Italian Dante is commoner raised in Italy, Latin as a tool, and the aisles of a library holds the secret at all that can be said of these troubled times, reading, language, and not target language (which incidentally is the error of the popular saying that would mimic the metalanguage they want to induce young people and police, the meta-language that comes from my basic education is the meta-mathematical language, with “therefore”, “any that is, “” equals <=> “,” equal =, “” less -, “” more, “all they need in their writing to code quickly and give their written notes for their reports summarized in the report).
This book is an induction of the Italian Umberto Eco editor to publish what he had then that was a giant text study and research, an essay in Media.
A good article below containing yes, good information. I hope it becomes again a call one day for the younger more enlightened.
Liberals’ View of Darwin Unable to Evolve
by Ann Coulter
08/31/2011
Full text >> http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=45893
Note: If you have a message for me on economics. Forget it, I got that message, with the military dictatorship in 1976 prohibiting the discipline in universities in Brazil and Latin I think the chair of Political Economy) at the time I did a short course to enter the school of the Air Cadets when my math teacher interrupted class to communicate more of a dictatorship at the time was that such a ban. All we had 13 years. And we are watching and obviously traumatized. There was no mention of this in the classroom in regular school. It was a refresher course for the military had not The prevalence of cassation. We could hear.
The message, I was given the same time I ate a big plate caiçara, there at the port of Santos, which was Mecca. This message was given to me as fondly despite the military I was creating a strong critic of the military regime. I grew up in criticism of them. My uncle was in the military police dictatorship. And I strongly criticized. When I was 19 in 1983, an admiral, Admiral Karan tells his nephew the son of the former Financial Director of the State Attorney General where I worked, this one. A discussion of editing Marx seized in the 70’s entitled “Political Economy” and has in its collection.
A work done in the Faculty of Law University of São Paulo in 1969 by Professor Pinto Fagundes and printed in the administration of former director of the Center for Academic XI August A. J. Luciano. A worthy gift for someone who years later also became director of an Academic Center at the University Sao Paulo and did not realize at the time that would be such.
Please “Political Economy”, but “Geopolitics” is not. This is what I use to understand how to play almost everything I see and let me bore in terms of international politics and not something else internationally.
Geopolitics is a matter that I had to necessarily have to study, because by the time I got the book I was a staunch critic of the late Professor Hemerit Milton Santos he had geopolitics. He did, was that I did have to study this matter that both staunchly argued while he was alive and I was a student of geology. Geopolitics was only a point of peace between me and him. Because when he came in the genetic matter, he did a lot of people argue with him when I was close. He then did not accept the rules of the projection that many of us had to go. Take long for him to accept. These discussions have led me to learn a lot about the behavior aside racial, genetic and gerontology. To argue that studying was much talk with many people at the university. But old is good and this is another one that I miss the old. He avenge one of the good sides of a good project that the Brazilian university could do. I hope that one day they rescue.
Good Week
Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata A long time ago, I read two writers, one German and one Brazilian. One was Eric Fromm, and the other was Marina Colasanti. In the mid-80s. I was a civil servant in the late afternoon and spent my time in the library that was halfway to my house. It was there until closing at 10 pm. Days had already known each other patrons of the library. With coffee breaks at the bar in front, and smoking a cigarette and then back. Sometimes a nap, and then rush out to watch a show that had music in the outskirts of the library. It was a very good time. Would always reading books and observing that this literature had, and tried to follow the reading to see if it was worth continuing the reasoning of the writer. But I was always away from matters of psychology and psychoanalysis. It was a choice I did not like the idea of devoting myself to people as a way to work. I was young and was in training looking for a line to follow in my life. But like all young, at least I think so, I had some doubts about human beings and their behavior. I started looking for books that could take me some doubts. I read a few books devoted to Buddhism, and novels that many of the characters also became Buddhists. As always, the speech was human behavior, needed to have a basis for thinking and to discuss with friends during the time that we met. I ended up stumbling upon the book by Eric Fromm, a psychoanalyst widely read in the 70 and 80. Many spoke of him and so I have chosen the various options that today I would say that would be too deep in the area of human behavior. As I had already established that I liked the Eastern view of the planet (not westernized or platonic) always gave preference to recommendations of writers or curiosity of human behavior that were in the eastern form of analysis. The base was Jung. Although Carl Jung was a follower of Freud, he opted for the Eastern view. A coexistence with the Hindu or Buddhism in observing and writing. And Erich Fromm had an eastern view, very little Plato and Jung and line. In it there were several comments on the human comportment, for example the explanation of his view of personality and character. And for example something that did not agree, a division into four types of character. For example people who had mercantile character, or visionary character and others. But in the middle of the book he did the analysis and explanation of how he saw love. In this respect I felt really consistent with it. For he explained that there were two loves, love common among humans, and particular love of the mother or maternal love. In these two loves he made the difference that only two of the mother was unconditional. That is, only the maternal love had no conditions to impose. A mother dies of love for his son. It made me happy and consistent with the way he see the love. It was different from the view of the Romantic literary school that I learned how they had a vision of love in that partners sometimes even killed themselves in grief. The love of Renaissance Romanticism after school. It was the love that hurt my vision when I read novels or movies. Everything looks sickly. That love only applies when a son or daughter feels her mother’s love. Has no replacement. From there I really facilitated my analysis of all the people I saw in the middle of my life. The transfers, orders of protection, the lack of care, and other aspects that was linked to the lack of maternal love that person could have had. It was a transformative reading, as I did not want to be a psychologist, took the psychological education for me. It was a stage when my mother smiled, took gifts, ran behind the documentation of your retirement and traveled with her. Explained a lot. And today it can analyze the differences before my mother and my mother today. The everything that happened in the middle of the road. How are psychotic and paranoid people who have influenced my mother. Setting a whole theory that today I am grateful to see so at the height of one of my phases, I could not realize that mine was leaving me in the face of so much pain and suffering. I spent two years addressing this theory to weaken those who watched my mother was missing and then found out that she was influenced. I can see the difference and influencing people to characterize, when I’m near and far. I see her intentions and other people. The other reading was more interesting was the reverse of the pleasure of reading and want to know the writer. Thursday was a day of vernissagens in my town, and I attended a workshop of art, or rather an art workshop, where teachers had monitors that will let us paint our wills and practice in art and guided us when had doubts. We sent books to read history of art with painters who had a coincidence with what we wanted. Finally, they taught them to fashion, or want to learn to look for the library shelf that we could find what we wanted. And like every Thursday at the end of class, did not have to do, the friends who attended always showed up with ideas of places to spend the rest of the night. It was a multi ethnic group. We had almost the same age, and experiences of each were different in different countries and we went walking around the city center. Where to find free food and wine. Then one day indicated in the release of a book by a writer. We walked there. Almost an hour of walking, a lot of noise and shouting. And then we come … When I went as usual straight to the wine and the food. However education asked the owner to seek release of the book. Off we went, and then I saw the vision that today I laugh when I remember. The popular view that the person has something. I heard a little in silence, paying attention and noticed the face of the writer. I was raised for wine and meals. Days after I decided to read the book. I did not remember what she discussed on launch day, for at that meeting she was giving a lecture. And reading the book I came across something that I find interesting in today’s women. Affectionately in his writing, she wrote something that interested me. The male and female phased approach. And taking the approach phase total that would be the marriage or to live in the same house and have children and raise a family. What caught my attention was the fact that it describe the approach phase of the woman with the man or vice versa. She described that dating would not let anything be a phase of rapprochement and a chance to know the couple. If you study personally. This was ingrained in my mind for years. It was obvious what she explained. But now reading political and psychosocial events in some countries around the world can not understand the need for women wanting to study the man before approaching him without even knowing. This is not mating, but a form of domination. When one is studying the other, he dominates the study. This is not to be in partnership, having a partner, be a couple. And yes having a function of domain know where all the other steps because previous studies. In the case of women, reading as many feminist existentialist Simone de Beauvoir. Could not they see that domination by a positive example of feminism. The result would stifle the ability of women to live, spending time with the man personality and then demonstrate that it has something much more important than an object. After all it simply exists. Mastering does not exist. It is not a woman, is only one dominant that even a man can do is study a woman without her knowledge for a long time. There would be no distinction of better or worse, would only be a dominatrix. The domain may function in psychiatry could fit in psychosis, after all the sadism is considered an unhealthy form of psychiatry. a psychosis. Always need a sadistic master, having all the time and steps in your mind of the victim. Studying a male to female is just transform it into a sadistic, psychotic one. After Pavlov teaches that every living being can be affected, and conditions if you want a woman to study for master, or tame a man will take her normal position of position of psychosis, as psychiatry sees that psychosis may be a factor of influence not only genetic but also by influential environmental or environmental conditioning. I remembered this today, I realize that the love with the simple teaching taught by Marina Colasanti amuito lost time from many places society on the planet. I do not think there is the possibility of returning psychological women who have become accustomed, or better condition if left with the idea to be watching, studying the man without knowing for a while to try to register all forms of this reasoning. Makes it predictable before live. Paranoia.
So I have these two aspects of an unconditional love just be motherly, and the other to study the predictability of the partner, two things are psychotic. You can not want a man with unconditional love because it’s the woman she is who has the painful gestation of the child. And the lover of the previous study a form of conditioning psychosis.
What will happen to those countries who are governed by these methods of influence in the population I have more or less an idea. But this idea is not pleasant.
Good week
Benedito Ubiratã
So I have these two aspects of an unconditional love just be motherly, and the other to study the predictability of the partner, two things are psychotic. You can not want a man with unconditional love because it’s the woman she is who has the painful gestation of the child. And the lover of the previous study a form of conditioning psychosis.
What will happen to those countries who are governed by these methods of influence in the population I have more or less an idea. But this idea is not pleasant.
Good week
Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata Some politicians forget that African descent who participated in the American Civil War, were slaves, but slaves were not helped when. They fought by parents and masters were regarded as free. These politicians call for collaboration african descent but end up breaking the Constitution itself, forget that slavery is against the law, and transform the collaboration in slavery, where the gain and only what you have. This is slavery, be unlawful. So participating in this ritual but not ask to be recognized, not being seen, or be known. To not be charged. This story of suffering and deception is decimating the world population over 20 years of requests for favors in manipulation of our emotional side. Be a crime.
They manipulate our emotions, let us ask for emotional warmth with more and more collaboration and always leave us with no political base and we always end up being persecuted and killed. This ritual will still make a big stage is just like the last great phase in the planet. Slavery through a ritual of human emotive employees and kills them without social recognition. If so decimated the population that actually produces intellectually be so small that everyone is getting sick of fatigue, with the excuse that is dwindling by elements of a natural anomaly. Just be the result of human slavery by politicians and people who take advantage of our existence. The calculations are good at revenge, will have no economy, or society that can sustain themselves with this mode of vision. Each major phase adjustments are giant bankruptcies economic systems.
The last was in 2009, will take will not have another. And it will be higher.
Read Full text?
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/additional-publications/civil-war/p20.htm
Black Dispatches
Union officers got so many valuable pieces of intelligence from slaves that the reports were put in a special category: “Black Dispatches.” Runaway slaves, many of them conscripted to work on Confederate fortifications, gave the Union Army a continually flowing stream of intelligence. So did slaves who volunteered to be stay-in-place agents.Tens of thousands of ex-slaves fought and died for the Union in military units. Less known is the work of other African-Americans who risked their lives in secret, gathering intelligence or while entering enemy territory as scouts. Brigadier General Grenville M. Dodge mentioned how he used black scouts during a search for Confederate troops in Tennessee: “Two negroes led our cavalry to them, guiding them around their pickets. No white man had the pluck to do it.”
Throughout the official records of the war, there are frequent references to bits of intelligence coming from “contrabands.” The term tracks back to a demand for runaway slaves from a Virginia slaveowner who cited the Fugitive Slave Law when he learned that his slaves had fled to Union territory. Responding, Major General Benjamin Butler said that since secession, Virginia had not been under federal law. Butler referred to the slaves as “contraband of war,” and the term caught on.
In a typical report: “Three contrabands came in from Fort Johnson yesterday. They were officers’ servants, and report, from conversation of the officers there, that north and northwest faces of Fort Sumter are nearly as badly breached as the gorge wall, and that many of our projectiles passed through both walls, and that the fort contains no serviceable guns.”
George Scott escaped from a plantation near Yorktown and headed for Fort Monroe, at the mouth of the James River on the tip of the Virginia peninsula. On the way, he noted two large fortifications. To gather more intelligence, Scott joined a Union officer on scouting missions. On one such mission, Scott was the target of a Confederate picket, whose bullet missed Scott’s body, but put a hole in his jacket. Another slave worked on the defenses of Leesburg. He escaped, bringing with him his detailed observations about the deployment of 5,000 Confederate troops. Many other slaves provided similar information about Confederate plans and maneuvers.
While Allan Pinkerton was serving as Major General George D. McClellan’s intelligence chief, the private detective ordered a careful debriefing of runaway slaves, some of whom he personally recruited to go back as agents. One of Pinkerton’s black agents was John Scobell of Mississippi, who had been educated and freed by his owner. Scobell used the cover of servant to two other Pinkerton agents, Timothy Webster and Carrie Lawton, when they operated in Richmond. Scobell also posed as a cook and a laborer on his trips south, where he often signed up black couriers for the Union at secret meetings of the Legal League, an underground slave organization.
Another black spy for Pinkerton was W. H. Ringgold, a free man who had been forced to work on a Virginia riverboat that was moving Confederate troops and supplies. After about six months, he and the other crewmen were allowed to return to the North. Debriefed by Pinkerton, Ringgold told all he knew about Confederate fortifications on the Virginia peninsula. When McClellan began his peninsula campaign in March 1862, the best intelligence he had was from Ringgold.
The Union Navy also profited from Black Dispatches. Robert Smalls, a free African American who was a harbor pilot knowledgeable about Fernandina, Florida, noticed that Confederates were preparing to destroy the harbor as they withdrew. He realized that Fernandina would provide the Union with a good port for blockade ships patrolling Charleston.
In March 1862, Smalls rowed out to a Union warship and reported what he had seen. The fleet, waiting to attack Fernandina, moved swiftly before the damage was done and captured the port. In another instance, Smalls loaded his family and other African-American sailors aboard a Confederate patrol ship in Charleston, calmly gave the correct countersigns to Confederate signals as he sailed her out of the harbor, and surrendered her to a Union blockade ship. He and the crew were rewarded with half the value of the captured ship.
Mary Touvestre, a freed slave, worked as a housekeeper for one of the Confederate engineers who were repairing the U.S. Navy’s Merrimac. The steam-powered frigate had been partially burned on April 21, 1861, when Federal forces abandoned the Gosport Navy Yard. Rebuilt as an ironclad, she was renamed the C.S.S. Virginia. Touvestre overheard the engineers talking about the ship and realized its significance as a weapon against the Northern blockade. Traveling at great risk with a stolen set of plans, she made her way to Washington and got an audience with officials in the Department of the Navy.
Surprised by the momentum of the Confederate project, the officials speeded up the building of the Union ironclad, the Monitor. Some historians believe that if the former slave had not carried her warning to Washington, the Virginia might have had several unchallenged weeks for a rampage against vulnerable Union ships, thwarting the blockade long enough for the arrival of desperately needed supplies from Europe.
Harriet Tubman, one of the nation’s most famous African-Americans, was also one of the war’s most daring and effective spies. She is renowned as a conductor of the Underground Railroad. Her espionage work, like that of many black spies, is far less known. But her exploits, centered along the South Carolina coast, are well documented, mostly because they were military operations.
Early in 1863, after she had spent nearly a year caring for refugee slaves, Union officers in South Carolina decided that she would be more valuable as a covert operative. She was asked to assemble a small reconnaissance unit of ex-slaves who knew the region and could gather timely intelligence. She found nine men, some of them riverboat pilots who knew every inch of the waterways threading through the coastal lowlands. One of her tasks was the finding of “torpedoes,” as remotely-detonated mines were called then, placed along the waterways patrolled by Union river craft.
Her spying and scouting evolved into a kind of special forces operation under Colonel James Montgomery. A fervent believer in guerrilla warfare, Montgomery was a veteran of antislavery border fighting in Kansas. Like Tubman, he had met and admired firebrand abolitionist John Brown.
In July 1863, Tubman became Montgomery’s second-incommand during a night raid up the Combahee River, near Beaufort, South Carolina. The Union gunboats, carrying some 300 black troops, slipped up the river, eluding torpedoes that Tubman’s men had spotted. Undetected, the raiders swarmed ashore, destroyed a Confederate supply depot, torched homes and warehouses, and rounded up more than 750 rice plantation slaves.
“The enemy,” said a Confederate report on the raid, “seems to have been well posted as to the character and capacity of our troops … and to have been well guided by persons thoroughly acquainted with the river and country.” Unwittingly, the report was praising the work of slaves working for Tubman.
Reporting on the raid to Secretary of War Stanton, Brigadier General Rufus Saxton said, “This is the only military command in American history wherein a woman, black or white, led the raid, and under whose inspiration. it was originated and conducted.” Tubman’s spies added to the heroic chronicles of the Black Dispatches. “This source of information,” said one historian, “represented the single most prolific and productive category of intelligence obtained and acted on by Union forces throughout the Civil War.”
One of the boldest—and least known—Northern spies of the war was a free African American who went under cover as a slave in what appears to have been a plan to place her in the official residence of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
The residence, called the Richmond White House, served as the Davis home and the President’s executive office. While he conducted Confederacy business there, he would not have seen his slaves as a threat to security. Official papers did not have to be given special protection when slaves were around because, by law, slaves had to be illiterate.
Elizabeth Van Lew well knew this law, and, while running her spy ring in Richmond, realized the espionage value of a slave who was secretly able to read and write. Van Lew had a perfect candidate for such an agent-inplace role: Mary Elizabeth Bowser.
The wealthy Van Lew family, which had 21 slaves in 1850, had only two by 1860—both of them elderly women. Yet, Virginia and Richmond archives show that the Van Lews had not gone through the legal procedures for the freeing of slaves. Freedom meant exile. Under Virginia law, freed slaves had to leave Virginia within a year after winning their freedom. Only by ignoring that law could Van Lew carry out the audacious placement of an agent in the Richmond White House.
Elizabeth Van Lew and her widowed mother Eliza raised the eyebrows of their social acquaintances in Richmond in 1846 by having a slave baptized as Mary Jane Richards in St. John’s Episcopal Church, revered as the site where Patrick Henry said, “Give me liberty or give me death.” Later, Elizabeth sent Mary Jane off to Philadelphia for an education. In 1855, Mary Jane sailed to Liberia, the African nation founded by Americans as a colony for ex-slaves.
On March 5, 1860, a ship bearing Mary Jane Richards arrived in Baltimore. She went on to Richmond—an illegal act for a freed slave. Five months later, she was arrested for “perambulating the streets and claiming to be a free person of color….” She was briefly jailed and released after Elizabeth Van Lew paid a $10 fine and claimed that Mary Jane was still a slave. This declaration would give her perfect cover as an agent. Mary Jane Richards married and became Mary Elizabeth Bowser. It is under that name that she enters Civil War espionage history.
Information about her is scanty. One good source is Thomas McNiven, who posed as a baker while making daily rounds as a Van Lew agent in Richmond. From him, down the years, came the report that she “had a photographic mind” and “Everything she saw on the Rebel President’s Desk, she could repeat word for word.”
Jefferson Davis’ widow, Varina, responding to an inquiry in 1905, denied that the Richmond White House had harbored a spy. “I had no ‘educated negro’ in my household,” she wrote. She did not mention that her coachman, William A. Jackson, had crossed into Union lines, bringing with him military conversations that he had overheard. In a letter from Major General Irvin McDowell to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, “Jeff Davis’ coachman” is cited as the source of information about Confederate deployments. A butler who served Jefferson Davis also made his way to Union lines.
Although McDowell and other Union generals could attest to the value of the Black Dispatches, the best endorsement came from General Robert E. Lee. “The chief source of information to the enemy,” he wrote, “is through our negroes.”
The Conductor Becomes a Spy
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Ross was born into slavery in Maryland in 1819 or 1820. She was whipped when she was a small child, and, when she was 15 years old, was struck on the head by a scale weight hurled at a slave she was helping escape. The injury produced a lifelong suffering from headaches and seizures. When she was 25 years old, she married John Tubman, a free African-American. About four years later, when her master died, she feared that she and her kin would be sold and scattered. So she began to think about escaping. Her husband declined to go with her, as did her brothers.
The courage and skill she used in her escape she would later use again as a spy for the Union.
Harriet Tubman fled to the North on the Underground Railroad, the network of abolitionists who helped slaves make their way to freedom. After freeing herself, she returned to Maryland, became a conductor on the railroad, and brought out members of her family. She made a score of dangerous trips, helping some 300 slaves reach the North. With each trip, she taught herself the ways of covert work behind enemy lines.
In 1857, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott, a black man who had moved from a free state to a slave state, had no right to sue for his freedom because African-Americans could not be citizens; the court also ruled that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories. The decision emboldened slaveholders and put Tubman in even more jeopardy. But, in that same year, she slipped into Maryland and conducted her elderly parents to freedom.
Because of fugitive slave laws, escapees could find ultimate freedom only in Canada. Tubman went frequently to the main underground terminal in Canada, St. Catherines, Ontario. There she met John Brown, who told her of his plans for an armed raid on Harpers Ferry. She later said that if she had not been ill at the time, she would have joined in the raid.
Tubman went to war in May 1861, joining a Union force dispatched to her native Maryland, which was a hotbed of Southern sympathizers. There, she knew, her knowledge of the land would be helpful to Union troops. Later, she served in the Union’s Fort Monroe in Virginia. But it would be at her next duty post, in South Carolina, that she would become a full-fledged undercover operative.
In the spring of 1862, Tubman sailed from New York City to Beaufort, South Carolina, the operations center for Union forces that held the southeastern coast of South Carolina. She was sent to the region at the suggestion of Massachusetts Governor John Andrew, who believed that “she would be a valuable person to operate within the enemy’s lines in procuring information & scouts.”
The Union-held area was a magnet for slaves fleeing to freedom. Tubman helped to clothe and feed them while also setting up agent networks and conferring with Union officers, including Colonel James Montgomery. He made her his second-in-command for the night raid up the Combahee River that freed more than 750 plantation slaves.
After the war, Harriet Tubman lived on a small farm in Auburn, New York. Years before, William A. Seward, then an anti-slavery senator from New York—later to be Lincoln’s Secretary of State—had sold her the property and arranged for a mortgage. She continued to help exslaves and black veterans and supported the crusade for women’s suffrage. In 1869, two years after the death of John Tubman, she married Nelson Davis, an ex-slave whom she had met when he was a Union soldier.
Citing her work for the Union Army, especially the Combahee River raid, she petitioned for a pension. A member of Congress who had been a Union general backed her claim, noting “her services in the various capacities of nurse, scout, and spy.” But not until 1890, two years after the death of Davis, did she receive a pension of eight dollars a month. By then, she was in poverty, and neighbors were providing her with food. Nine years later, her monthly pension was raised to twenty dollars.
In 1903, she donated the farm to a church group on the condition that the home be maintained as a refuge for “aged and indigent colored people” and that she be allowed to live in the house for the rest of her life. In 1913, the woman known in the Union Army as “the General” died and was buried with military honors.
Historical Document
Posted: Mar 21, 2007 04:14 PM
Last Updated: Dec 12, 2008 08:33 AM
Last Reviewed: May 04, 2007 04:23 PM
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Sorry
and
Good week
Benedito Ubirata
Benedito Ubirata It was all I needed in the 80’s specifically in the 88th, when I traveled to Rio de Janeiro and strange facts gave me a good home. I won a beer truck overturned in an accident with no victims in the BR 116 highway, where I filled the car that I travel with about 100 cans of beer on the road to the state of Rio de Janeiro. When I arrived, I came across the avenue Brazil in a state of high violence, with people making barricades to steal the vehicles traveling at dawn.
I slept in a house that had a spirit that wanted to drink alcohol and satanic worship rituals, I woke up going to tour the south of Rio de Janeiro to see the new world I did not know. When I came across natives showing the crucial problems of the state.
I left there not knowing what happened. I had many questions that I thought of the state, the questions were internal and I could not answer scholarly. I replied only that the Rio de Janeiro had to change but had no theoretical insight, erudtia, Citati.
I saw many movies and appeared when the Rio de Janeiro felt I should not see them. Something was missing and the years have passed and still not understand what I needed. The two historical facts gave me the answer, too late but gave me the answer.
This article shows what I needed to answer those who wondered about the Rio de Janeiro Guanabara or old, former capital of Brazil that the natives in the 80s I had shown that large losses by having the transfer of capital to Brasilia , the current capital. But I needed the theoretical discourse, with what I needed to signal that I watched for a positive Americanization, but with no legal advice, social, psychosocial.
This text shows all in theoretical terms than needed that state. We can not align ourselves to the system. We in Brazil are still anti Semitic, racist to the very changes that happened in the United States of America in the 90’s already trying to create icons for if they had the weakest countries in a good example, and we one of the weakest countries resistiamos this change. In another article below, by its historical presentation, shows the attempt of the Bush Sr. trying to create a new icon to the North American system of government and the world. Try putting in the Supreme Court a conservative view of African descent and strongly supported by the giants of the United States of America who wanted to change your view of white supremacy, which invaded the world culture.
And they in turn leave that culture invading the world connected to them, would be to own North American, a great loss, especially after a victory in the Second World War against one of the worst moves that the history of mankind can have Nazism.
They could not let them be an icon of influence to many cultures in the world, had the origin of birth of the movement already defeated again in 1945, Nazism.
Bush has that sensitivity and tries to recreate the North American vision in the world have not only african only celebrity offspring that happened in that period of the decade 80 to 90 with actors such Academy of Hollywood, but based on politics, culture, the intellectuals and scholarship. They needed only the end of African descent as musicians, dancers or artists.
The appointment of an African descent Thomas aa North American Supreme Court was a modification of this view inside the country and the world.
What saddens me is that today I understand the negative and destructive criticism of Brazilian intellectuals and educated the new North American trend. It saddens me because it gives the direction of the new in line political and social moment in Brazil.
Since 1989, Brazil entered a culture war and influence the way North American confuse everyone and everything so hard that a few here in my country survived because they saw that parents needed to align and change because these changes could be beneficial the parents. I was almost killing the Brazilian media highly racist and anti Semitic.
They leave no ethnically oppressed classes in the 40’s and 50 degree climb and position to be good examples to the same ethnic group that needed good examples and dominant ethnic groups who wanted to modify.
These two articles I fully explain what I needed to discuss in the midst of Humanities that I avoided attending for more than 10 years at the university I studied and got kicked out for being of African descent. They members of the Human Sciences University asked me to participate, but I had no feeling.
I saw, but had no basis. It is 20 years.
read the texts:
Sunday, Jul 10, 2011 09:45 E
Two decades later, Clarence Thomas is still a (relatively) young justice
HAATEAMATQ/YouTube
Clarence Thomas and former president George H.W. Bush
Most Americans had never heard of Clarence Thomas when President George H.W. Bush nominated him for the Supreme Court 20 years ago this month. Bush, who announced his pick in Kennebunkport, Maine on July 1, 1991, called the thinly credentialed Thomas the “best qualified” person for the seat vacated by retiring Justice Thurgood Marshall, a giant of the law who had argued the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case and was the Court’s first African-American justice.
Thomas had only been a federal judge for a year when Bush tapped him for the Supreme Court, and the gap in stature compared to Marshall, the man he would replace, set the terms for the rancorous fight that followed. Democrats charged the White House with playing racial politics with an unqualified candidate on the assumption that they wouldn’t dare oppose an African-American.
The media covered Thomas as though Bush had plucked the 43-year-old from obscurity, but Washington’s legal community was not surprised by the nomination. “Everyone assumed when Thurgood Marshall resigned, the seat had to be filled by an African-American,” said Nan Aron, president of the progressive Alliance for Justice. “When Thomas went up for the DC Circuit, we knew it was a done deal. He was groomed for the seat.”
Republicans saw a political opening, thinking they could win over some voters with what Bush viewed as an historic appointment. Thomas’ race mattered, but he was chosen as much for his reliable conservative ideology as the color of his skin. The rallying cry then was “No More Souters,” recalled Aron, referring to Justice David Souter, who Bush had appointed to the Court the previous year, and whose voting record was looking very liberal and angering the GOP’s conservative base.
With Thomas, the White House felt they had a conservative they could count on. His work as a political appointee at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and the Department of Education was antagonistic to civil-rights, and he had no legal track record of consequence, no writings that the opposition could pick apart, and no known opinions about Roe v Wade that could trip him up.
From the White House perspective, Thomas was the natural person to fill the Marshall seat. Former Republican Senator Jack Danforth, who had given Thomas his first job out of Yale Law School and whose support would prove pivotal, recalled in a recent phone interview that “the vice president (Dan Quayle) called me and said, ‘Would you do for Clarence Thomas what (New Hampshire Senator) Warren Rudman did for David Souter,’ which was all out support, which I did.”
Asked if 20 years later he has any regrets, Danforth said, “No, None,” adding that he is “terribly proud” of Thomas and the way he has performed as a justice, and, like Thomas, still angry and embittered over the way he was treated in the confirmation process. “What was he accused of — talking dirty?” Danforth said, “that was it — and the same people who would defend President Clinton for having sex with an intern in the Oval Office were all over Clarence Thomas for allegedly saying something. It was an outrage, an abomination.”
Even before Anita Hill, a law professor who had worked with Thomas testified about his inappropriate remarks, the politics had spun out of control. The reason, says Danforth, was Roe v. Wade and the determination on both sides to block any justice that would vote the wrong way. When the stakes are that emotional, there are no rules, he says, even now lamenting the fact that Thomas with his reputation on trial on national television did not have legal counsel “compared to the quality of defense for somebody like Casey Anthony.”
These are fighting words to the other side, where progressives like Nan Aron point out there were other issues than a few off-color remarks that caused concern about Thomas, from ethical lapses to his undistinguished legal record. The American Bar Association gave him a mixed rating, and President Bush, after initially declaring him the “best qualified person” he could find, quickly dropped the phrase. Thomas was confirmed on October 15, 1991 by 52 to 48, garnering the fewest votes of any justice in more than a century.
The passage of time has not softened attitudes on either side. Thomas called the searing experience a “high-tech lynching,” and remains a distant and silent figure on the Court. His memoir, “My Grandfather’s Son,” published four years ago, reveals a life of real and perceived slights, along with towering grudges.
He rarely speaks in oral arguments, which his critics interpret as a sign of inferior legal acuity. Danforth says that Thomas told him that he thinks that time belongs to the lawyers arguing their case before the Court. For many, it’s the high point of their career, and he doesn’t like to interrupt. He has offered other explanations, including insecurity about his Pin Point, Ga. accent dating back to when he navigated the elite environs of Yale and the East Coast governing class.
Thomas’ confirmation, painful as it was for both him and his principal accuser, generated enough outrage among women to elect a record number of women to Congress the following year. A lot has changed in 20 years, and Thomas is no Thurgood Marshall, which is exactly what Bush intended. For conservatives, Thomas is the gift that keeps on giving. Having just turned 63, he could well be there harboring his resentments as an anchor on the right for another 20 years.
From the White House perspective, Thomas was the natural person to fill the Marshall seat. Former Republican Senator Jack Danforth, who had given Thomas his first job out of Yale Law School and whose support would prove pivotal, recalled in a recent phone interview that “the vice president (Dan Quayle) called me and said, ‘Would you do for Clarence Thomas what (New Hampshire Senator) Warren Rudman did for David Souter,’ which was all out support, which I did.”
Asked if 20 years later he has any regrets, Danforth said, “No, None,” adding that he is “terribly proud” of Thomas and the way he has performed as a justice, and, like Thomas, still angry and embittered over the way he was treated in the confirmation process. “What was he accused of — talking dirty?” Danforth said, “that was it — and the same people who would defend President Clinton for having sex with an intern in the Oval Office were all over Clarence Thomas for allegedly saying something. It was an outrage, an abomination.”
Even before Anita Hill, a law professor who had worked with Thomas testified about his inappropriate remarks, the politics had spun out of control. The reason, says Danforth, was Roe v. Wade and the determination on both sides to block any justice that would vote the wrong way. When the stakes are that emotional, there are no rules, he says, even now lamenting the fact that Thomas with his reputation on trial on national television did not have legal counsel “compared to the quality of defense for somebody like Casey Anthony.”
These are fighting words to the other side, where progressives like Nan Aron point out there were other issues than a few off-color remarks that caused concern about Thomas, from ethical lapses to his undistinguished legal record. The American Bar Association gave him a mixed rating, and President Bush, after initially declaring him the “best qualified person” he could find, quickly dropped the phrase. Thomas was confirmed on October 15, 1991 by 52 to 48, garnering the fewest votes of any justice in more than a century.
The passage of time has not softened attitudes on either side. Thomas called the searing experience a “high-tech lynching,” and remains a distant and silent figure on the Court. His memoir, “My Grandfather’s Son,” published four years ago, reveals a life of real and perceived slights, along with towering grudges.
He rarely speaks in oral arguments, which his critics interpret as a sign of inferior legal acuity. Danforth says that Thomas told him that he thinks that time belongs to the lawyers arguing their case before the Court. For many, it’s the high point of their career, and he doesn’t like to interrupt. He has offered other explanations, including insecurity about his Pin Point, Ga. accent dating back to when he navigated the elite environs of Yale and the East Coast governing class.
Thomas’ confirmation, painful as it was for both him and his principal accuser, generated enough outrage among women to elect a record number of women to Congress the following year. A lot has changed in 20 years, and Thomas is no Thurgood Marshall, which is exactly what Bush intended. For conservatives, Thomas is the gift that keeps on giving. Having just turned 63, he could well be there harboring his resentments as an anchor on the right for another 20 years.
- Eleanor Clift is a contributor to Newsweek and the Daily Beast, and a panelist on “The McLaughlin Group.” More: Eleanor Clift
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Tuesday, Jul 5, 2011 07:01 ET
The three fundamentalisms of the American right
How conservatism went from orthodox and traditional to radical and counter-revolutionary
http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/07/05/lind_three_fundamentalisms/index.html
In contradiction to the hostility to Darwinism shared by many of its constituents, the American right is evolving rapidly before our eyes. The project of creating an American version of Burkean conservatism has collapsed. What has replaced it is best described as triple fundamentalism — a synthesis of Biblical fundamentalism, constitutional fundamentalism and market fundamentalism.
Following World War II, the American right was a miscellany of marginal, embittered subcultures — anti-New Dealers, isolationists, paranoid anticommunists, anti-semites and white supremacists. Russell Kirk and others associated with William F. Buckley Jr.’s National Review sought to Americanize a version of high-toned British Burkean conservatism. While the eighteenth century British parliamentarian was embraced by conservatives for his opposition to the French Revolution, Edmund Burke, a champion of the rights of Britain’s Indian, Irish and American subjects, could also be claimed by liberals like Yale Law School’s Alexander Bickel, who preferred gradual, cautious reform to radical social experimentation. In its liberal as in its conservative forms, Burkeanism disdains reaction and radicalism alike, and favors change in lesser things when necessary to maintain the continuity of more fundamental institutions and values.
The religious equivalent of Burkean politics is orthodoxy, not fundamentalism. Orthodoxy means the continuity of a tradition, as interpreted by an authoritative body of experts, such as priests, rabbis or mullahs. The term “fundamentalism” originated in the early twentieth century as a description of reactionary evangelical Protestants in the U.S. who rejected liberal Protestantism and modern evolutionary science and insisted on the inerrancy of the Bible. The phrase is nowadays applied indiscriminately and often inaccurately to various religious movements, some of which, in the Catholic, Jewish and Muslim traditions are better described as ultra-orthodox.
America’s Burkean conservatives like Kirk tended to favor Catholicism or the Anglo-Catholic school within the Anglican church. For them, establishment and hierarchy were terms of praise. But once white Southerners captured the Republican party and the conservative movement, the High Church right that found Kirk and Buckley among its college of cardinals gave way to the political equivalent of the Foot-Washin’ Baptists.
Today Protestant fundamentalism is associated with the Scots-Irish in the Bible Belt from West Virginia to Texas, but its ancestry lies in now-secular New England and the Midwest and it migrated southward only after the Civil War. As Burke observed at the time of the American revolution:
Following World War II, the American right was a miscellany of marginal, embittered subcultures — anti-New Dealers, isolationists, paranoid anticommunists, anti-semites and white supremacists. Russell Kirk and others associated with William F. Buckley Jr.’s National Review sought to Americanize a version of high-toned British Burkean conservatism. While the eighteenth century British parliamentarian was embraced by conservatives for his opposition to the French Revolution, Edmund Burke, a champion of the rights of Britain’s Indian, Irish and American subjects, could also be claimed by liberals like Yale Law School’s Alexander Bickel, who preferred gradual, cautious reform to radical social experimentation. In its liberal as in its conservative forms, Burkeanism disdains reaction and radicalism alike, and favors change in lesser things when necessary to maintain the continuity of more fundamental institutions and values.
The religious equivalent of Burkean politics is orthodoxy, not fundamentalism. Orthodoxy means the continuity of a tradition, as interpreted by an authoritative body of experts, such as priests, rabbis or mullahs. The term “fundamentalism” originated in the early twentieth century as a description of reactionary evangelical Protestants in the U.S. who rejected liberal Protestantism and modern evolutionary science and insisted on the inerrancy of the Bible. The phrase is nowadays applied indiscriminately and often inaccurately to various religious movements, some of which, in the Catholic, Jewish and Muslim traditions are better described as ultra-orthodox.
America’s Burkean conservatives like Kirk tended to favor Catholicism or the Anglo-Catholic school within the Anglican church. For them, establishment and hierarchy were terms of praise. But once white Southerners captured the Republican party and the conservative movement, the High Church right that found Kirk and Buckley among its college of cardinals gave way to the political equivalent of the Foot-Washin’ Baptists.
Today Protestant fundamentalism is associated with the Scots-Irish in the Bible Belt from West Virginia to Texas, but its ancestry lies in now-secular New England and the Midwest and it migrated southward only after the Civil War. As Burke observed at the time of the American revolution:
“All Protestantism…is a sort of dissent. But the religion most prevalent in our northern colonies is a refinement on the principle of resistance: it is the dissidence of dissent and the protestantism of the Protestant religion.”
It is also the populism of Populism. As an intermediary between the soul and God, the church hierarchy has been all but replaced by the Bible in fundamentalist Protestantism. Nor is there any need for theologians to expound the Bible, which was conveniently written in English so that it can be understood by any plain American.
The increasingly-Southernized American Right has transferred the fundamentalist Protestant mentality from the sphere of religion to the spheres of law and the economy. Protestant fundamentalism is now joined by constitutional fundamentalism and market fundamentalism.
In all three cases, the pattern is the same. There is the eternal Truth that never varies — the will of God, the principles of the Founding Fathers, the so-called laws of the free market. There are the scriptures which explain the eternal truths — the King James Bible, in the case of religious fundamentalism, the Constitution or the Federalist Papers, in the case of constitutional fundamentalism, and Friedrich von Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom in the case of market fundamentalism (The Fountainhead or Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand can be substituted for Hayek, on request).
“There’s only one book you ever need to read,” a Bible-believin’ Texan Baptist once assured me. He was two books short of a populist conservative bookshelf. But in the age of post-intellectual, fundamentalist conservatism, three books are sufficient to make anyone the equal of the most erudite intellectual. The books need not actually be read, and for the most part probably are not; it is enough, in argument, to thump the Bible, and to thump “The Road to Serfdom” and “Atlas Shrugged,” too.
The mentality of fundamentalism, not Burkean conservative traditionalism, underlies the rewriting of American constitutional history by the Straussians associated with the Claremont Institute in Cailfornia and of American economic history by conservative propagandists like Amity Shlaes. Burkeans viewed the history of British and American freedom as a gradually unfolding process of — dare it be said?–evolution, in which useful innovations, after suitable probation, could be incorporated as elements of the tradition. This “Catholic” view of political history is incompatible with the “Protestant” view of right-wing political fundamentalism, which transfers the script of radical Protestantism to the realms of political history and economics.
History, to the fundamentalist mind, is a story of original perfection, followed by betrayal and restoration. The early Christian church was perfect; it was corrupted and betrayed by medieval Catholicism; and it was restored to its original purity by radical Protestant reformers. In the same way, the American constitution was not a flawed compromise among rival states and factions, to be improved by later amendment, but a document of superhuman wisdom, created in a kind of secular Pentecost at Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. To believe today’s constitutional fundamentalists, the true constitution was betrayed around 1900 in the name of the “living constitution” by progressives and liberals, who play the villain’s role in political history that the evangelicals assign to the Catholic Church in Christian history.
Modern American market fundamentalism, too, is recognizably modeled on the fundamentalist Protestant version of church history, even though market fundamentalists need not be Christian conservatives. Ignoring the long history of tariffs, land grants, military procurement and mixed public-private corporations in the United States, the market fundamentalists pretend that the U.S. was governed by the laws of the market until Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal replaced capitalism with socialism (or statism, or fascism, or whatever Amity Shlaes or Jonah Goldberg want to call it). Russell Kirk wrote that any true conservative would be a socialist before he would be a libertarian. But then he was a Burkean High Church conservative.
The rise of triple fundamentalism on the American right creates a crisis of political discourse in the United States. Back when conservatism was orthodox and traditional, rather than fundamentalist and counter-revolutionary, conservatives could engage in friendly debates with liberals, and minds on both sides could now and then be changed. But if your sect alone understands the True Religion and the True Constitution and the Laws of the Market, then there is no point in debate. All those who disagree with you are heretics, to be defeated, whether or not they are converted.
For their part, progressives have no idea of how to respond to the emergent right’s triple fundamentalism. Today it is the left, not the right, that is Burkean in America. Modern American liberalism is disillusioned, to the point of defeatism, by the frustration of the utopian hopes of 1960s liberalism in the Age of Reagan that followed and has not yet ended. Today it is liberals, not conservatives, who tend to be cautious and incremental and skeptical to a fault about the prospects for reform, while it is the right that wants to blow up the U.S. economy and start all over, on the basis of the doctrines of two Austrian professors and a Russian émigré novelist. Barack Obama, who would have flourished in an age when conservatives and liberals shared a common Burkean sensibility, finds himself as baffled and flustered by the tribunes of the Tea Party as Edmund Burke would have been by the young Marjoe Gortner.
The era of triple fundamentalism on the American right is bound to come to an end. Sooner or later, dogmatism and reality will collide, and it is not reality that will crumple like tinfoil. The only question is how much damage will be done to the American polity before the revolution of the saints fizzles out.
- Michael Lind is Policy Director of the Economic Growth Program at the New America Foundation and is the author of “The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and the Fourth American Revolution.” More: Michael Lind
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Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata I lived to write this text. I studied in the 90’s with a famous professor of Structural Geology in the UK. Teacher Colsgrove it took to come to Brazil and taught us that class. The explanation of his coming to Brazil was given by my teacher the other Brazilian Sadovisk a Structural Geology Professor, I have always answered many questions outside the classroom. And the question was simple as Professor Colsgrove was in Brazil, where Brazilian teacher then said that because of the new trend of the former first minister Mrs. Thatcher’s Britain was cutting expenses of all kinds, they were running out of its colonies, and its economy needed to adapt. In this case the teacher was following the trend laboratories were Englishmen who seek resources for their research internationally. I laughed a little because he was seeking funds in Brazil, but I let it go. I did not understand very well how things worked back then. But what I realized is that fetch line of research was not what he was doing but rather resources to increase technical reserve your lab with agreements with the government visited. Professor Sadovski this case was the host of Brazil. If the economy improved English can be said that there are reflexes, but the strongest reflection is the literature of 1920 on the English nobility by the regionalist English writer W. Somerset Maugham in your novel The Razor’s Edge of the time over the bourgeoisie and the nobility and your expenses in that decade. And the nobility today as she lives, in this case controlling your spending so you do not encumber the coffers of the UK. If I mistake not even have a movie about Queen Elizabeth 2 clearly demonstrates that this new trend of the economy and spending cuts.
In this text of the New York Times, I believe that if the former mayor of New York Bloonberg the Lord is right in what he mentioned last year that the U.S. Congress their congressmen are not able to read, is now one year after they are reading the text is didactic as well as a bridge (analogy) the willingness of the Republican party to cut public spending in the country. The history of the Lady Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister of the UK is very strong when it comes to cutting spending and reducing the tendency of a decadent society that squandered in public spending.
What is unclear is the adaptation that taxes should be high or low class for richer or poor. That is, when it comes to Margaret Thatcher is that she made no apology for taxes in his time, but the cuts in public spending. This claim is already becoming global. In Germany Chancellor Angela Merkel the current fight with your audience to review the condition of super tax on businesses or industries. All this as they fought to be able to contain the “industry to make taxes” to lessen the heavy awareness of actions not well accepted in society.
Read full text:
http://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/the-legend-of-margaret-thatcher/
July 5, 2011, 6:00 am
The Legend of Margaret Thatcher
By BRUCE BARTLETT
Bruce Bartlett held senior policy roles in the Reagan and George H.W. Bush administrations and served on the staffs of Representatives Jack Kemp and Ron Paul.
Former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain, here in 2008, is venerated by many conservative Republicans in the United States.Republicans have always admired former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher of Britain. Her 1979 election excited them enormously; Republicans viewed it as proof that their views were on the upswing and greatly increased their confidence that Ronald Reagan would be elected president in 1980 as part of a worldwide conservative trend.
Mrs. Thatcher’s stature among the American right has only increased since she was ousted by her own party in 1990. This is especially true now. Benjy Sarlin of Talking Points Memo says Mrs. Thatcher “has always been a popular figure in Republican circles across the pond, but she seems to have taken on a new relevance in recent years for the party’s leading lights.”
Mr. Sarlin cites a blog post on Mitt Romney’s Web site that draws a parallel between economic conditions in Britain in the late 1970s and those in America today. He reports that Newt Gingrich and Rick Santorum also invoke Thatcher’s name frequently in their quest for the Republican presidential nomination. And last month, Sarah Palin publicly requested a meeting with Thatcher that fell through because of Mrs. Thatcher’s physical condition.
While Mrs. Thatcher is a towering figure in British political history, well deserving of admiration, the conservative legend about her time in power is at odds with the facts. In this legend, she was even more aggressive than Reagan in cutting taxes and the welfare state. But that is not true.
As this table shows, taxes as a share of the gross domestic product in Britain actually increased sharply during Mrs. Thatcher’s first seven years in office before falling in the later years. Even at the end, they were significantly higher than they were when she took office. Spending also rose during her first seven years before falling in Mrs. Thatcher’s later years.
Institute for Fiscal StudiesTo those familiar with Mrs. Thatcher’s tax policies, these data are not surprising. Although she cut the top personal income tax rate to 60 percent from 83 percent immediately upon taking office, the basic tax rate was only reduced to 30 percent from 33 percent. And in 1980, the 25 percent lower rate of taxation was eliminated so that 30 percent became the lowest tax rate.
More importantly, Mrs. Thatcher paid for her 1979 tax cut by nearly doubling the value-added tax to 15 percent, from 8 percent. Among those who thought Mrs. Thatcher was making a dreadful mistake was the American economist Arthur Laffer. Writing in The Wall Street Journal on Aug. 20, 1979, he excoriated her for taking with the one hand while giving with the other.
“The Thatcher budget lowers tax rates where they have little economic consequence and raises tax rates where they affect economic activity directly,” he complained.
In the 1982 forward to the British edition of his American best-seller, “Wealth and Poverty,” George Gilder was also highly critical of Mrs. Thatcher for failing to cut either taxes or spending: “The net effect of the Thatcher program has been a substantial increase in taxation on virtually all taxpayers.”
Although Mrs. Thatcher privatized many British industries and businesses that had been nationalized after World War II and sold off much of Britain’s public housing, in which the bulk of the working class lived, she did little to reduce the size of the nation’s welfare state.
In particular, Mrs. Thatcher, like all the members of her party, strongly supported the National Health Service, which provides national health insurance for every Briton.
A review of long-term spending trends in Britain by the Institute for Fiscal Studies shows that Mrs. Thatcher basically flattened a trajectory that had been rising since the war. That took a lot of political effort even though her party controlled Parliament and the prime minister of Britain has far fewer constitutional constraints than an American president. But at the end of the Thatcher era, the welfare state was still intact.
As Martin Wolf, a columnist for The Financial Times, told me, “Like all great politicians, Thatcher was a pragmatist, not an ideologue, who picked her fights carefully. She recognized that any head-on attack on the welfare state would have destroyed the party’s electability.”
Mr. Wolf said Mrs. Thatcher was far more concerned about fiscal stability and deficit reduction than lower taxes, and the idea that a debt default “would have been sensible would, to her, have been insane.”
Mrs. Thatcher, like Reagan, moved her country in a conservative direction. But Mrs. Thatcher’s fiscal accomplishments were much more modest than many of today’s Republicans think.
The lesson they should learn from her is that it is very hard to shrink the size of government even when a strong leader has complete control of the legislature, that it takes many years of arduous work to do so and that at the end of the day it won’t shrink very much.
If the first Russian president Dmitri Medmedev announced months ago that the world could return to the 80, leaving it as a calling. And then the Russian General Andrei Makarov announces the call back to the 80s. I believe the Republican Party is already in North American racing back to see if this saves big phase in your country. It is speculated that in Germany the call of Mr. Makarov was heard, as the youth movements have begun to move in the same way as young people moved in the 80’s. Making and using large public meetings to large festivals and concerts.
In terms of public administration I remember that internal debt and external debt, was all that was said too.——————————————————————————————
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Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata Something to think about us. I started with the 90 calls from the 80’s that is “Prevention”.
Maybe because I’m interested in knowing the world economy, one thing common to almost my person since my childhood, perhaps influenced by the world-period and the problems that were portrayed in the newspapers or influence the mode of being of my relatives who influenced me childhood, reflected this and I was always worried about how not to be in an embarrassing situation in my daily life, not to lose.
For me the call came in the popular expression: In that prevention is better than cure. From this call-put as a base for many of my lines of reasoning on my problems and the problems I had to watch. Whether local or global.
I went to the geology in the 90’s and there I touched the possibility of prevention. But the area of Health still does not talk to the Earth Sciences as it should. That 30 years after the calls. Still do not understand the water surface, clay dust, moisture from the air, as the basis vectors for infectious diseases.
In the 90’s soon after its beginning, I was interested in consolidating my plans in terms of what research and how to do it, ask to have a break and then learn how to deal with tools that could take my knowledge in a reasonable way to world that I would read, understand, and or even below. And while going in search of resolutions in the area of information, this search was nonetheless well as preventing an economic issue, it would be a way for me to be able to have economic independence, and if by chance you need to have a tool that best submit my studies in the field of earth sciences, it would be a powerful tool also. Few in the field of geology, or earth sciences at the time had the ability. But before that break the earth sciences, I was presented a geologist with a professor in geochemistry, he became my friend for a long time. And in those conversations with the professor of geochemistry was presented an idea, which was typical of the conversation professor of geochemistry, was an attempt to consolidate this by a geologist who watched the years, and my curiosity was almost insistent before trying all graduating time we walked the streets, or go traveling. The idea of epidemiology. But after talks between us three, in that the Geologist had susas attempts, he decided to name this attempt to verify epidemiological phenomena in the area of Geology Geoepidemiologia. he introduced this term to me so deeply in one afternoon, he broke down after that, they never managed to get into research centers in the medical field. And here, took in my weakness. It’s where I would enter. That was in 1992. To move forward, never failed in the expression that is where I must enter. Delay or not I go, and I went. years later in a strange courtship to laugh. Unintentionally changed my ways to get to university, so I spent a year as a reminder in front of the faculty of public health and 10 years later ended up in a nursing school up enrolling in an elective course to understand theoretically and scholarly , how the problems of hospital infection. From there a vision that would follow directions, if I was interested, and check how far there was still a good or weak interaction between the earth sciences and epidemiology.
In this text Below you will see that there are problems, but when it comes to the 70 and 80, the calls were not answered so well, there are still flaws that such Earth sciences could improve the epidemiological problem of the text.
iipdigital.usembassy.gov
By Charlene Porter | Staff Writer | 24 June 2011
People with a single water source for washing, drinking and sanitation are at risk for health problems. From 2000-2008, 800 million more people gained access to clean water.
(This is a product of the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/iipdigital-en/index.html)
Benedito Ubirata Look at the map of folly. They spend billions to trillions of dollars in weapons for years or decades, and has night lighting for its inhabitants. From the little I read that these countries receive money on the planet in full collaboration in the form of donation. Today I have 48 years. And they have scored in areas visible in this map made by NOAA that contained no investment for its population. Just shows that what they wrote about ignorance in these regions and their corrupt rulers before and now can only be caused by corruption and loss of sense population. Note that even talk in some countries protecting fleeing a bit of attention from the media, but they asked to join the folly. Because it is officially recorded by many small and big countries that they have received money through foundations, NGOs, and philanthropic organizations to help develop. True deserts of assistance to the people for their own countries. The major phase that ended in 1980, was 30 years. After that it took 30 years and still the same thing in almost all countries. It was not to have that big stage. Now is an inevitable audit. The reports of these countries is inconsistent with reality.
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| NOAA – image depicting the nighttime streets with bright points of light power. |
Good week
Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata I listened to it before it is something that only now I found was the 80’s. I just wanted to science and culture with scholarship to support and handle what I heard. I can only say that I survived. And I prepared myself.
Today I’m here.
This was a great call.
Crime Of The Century – Supertramp
Now they’re planning the crime of the century
Well what will it be?
Read all about adventuring and Their Schemes
It’s well worth the fee
So roll up and see
And They rape the universe
How they’ve gone from bad to worse
Who Are These Men of lust, greed, and glory?
Rip off the masks and let’s see
But that’s no right – oh no, what’s the story?
There’s you and there’s me
That can not Be Right
- Thanks old and older. Excuse me.
Good Week
Benedito Ubiratã
Benedito Ubirata The significance of the combination is in black and white drawing below.
Now if you observe this picture, below is the message that demonstrates how the projection should be. Note that the tents are higher planes. At the door has a combination of colors to black and white, noting the combination of colors has a black color that means the Obscure of Silence or whatever is new and unprecedented processed ahead of all for those two combinations, there is a woman statuesque, it is the willingness of these two combinations and right in front of who is in port.
At the bottom of the picture, has bare feet. If they saw in the previous post I explain the symbol of bare feet which is the publication of the manuscript in 1916 in North American Supreme Court, which defends the freedom of these children and not work. Above the white tents there is a reflection of a combination of colors that are red and white. This combination is above all and leading to good ethics awareness.
White is our peace. In times of today our peace are our memories preserved. Intelligence.
Benedito Ubirata I think I found what I wanted. Was a claim it was for me and I had a complaint, as the seven years that passed, that my way of searching the Internet can not be interfered.
I was a good way to search the Internet. Received instructions and my search form helped with my power to reach the higher planes, which are good arguments against many things, for them, giving instructions, are seeing things in Parasitic society. In 1999, I received good instruction in the air. E I turned to the Internet search engines and the search for good arguments, and sought help for me and many others.
As found in diverting attention synthesis. 12 years later, I discovered, for example, argument that was put in the time to help the former first lady Brazil, the late Mrs. Ruth Cardoso.
The non-adoption of the declaration child labor company, which fought to prevent that from happening. As I was connected with her, where the conditions are now favorable anywhere you took some of my problems (impregnated) in my speeches strengthening of the routine of everyday life, it was a power he had. Y use in my lectures and issues related to people that were parallel to my day to day, there was Also, no problem putting his concern was compatible with my concern. But being connected with people as it is sometimes difficult because She taught at the university I attended, I was worried I kept the custom of the professors of this university, this would be a benefit, the quote in their conversations. To me she always I could cite the source or strengthening the arguments. It was crazy that teachers university.
And the air hung with a good symbol for a good source of strengthen the argument, citing a document in American history.
The was laid bare for me as a symbol to be searched as a symbol of bare feet removed from a framework of “Caribbean” of the late artist eradicated an Argentine friend, Brazil and around the late George Amado.
And this year 1999 saw the box and coincidentally Caribé Jorge Amado died that same year and soon the Caribbean.
I ended up letting me take the symbolism bare feet and were at the foot of the symbolism of the Caribbean, in a photo oil painting of a deity, the orisha Eshu.
I saw this book for years. I downloaded a copy of the picture and became part of the Caribbean wall of my computer.
I saw the years and never accept what pathway.
For me, her bare feet looking at the picture and goes against the directions call that went wrong, was inconsistent. I met the call when it occurred, and I could never understand the relationship. I could not fulfill.
It worked just because I have always liked and always uncomfortable with children. But when to identify calls regarding the image of the table did not work. I looked for bare feet in the reproduction of Exu and remember the meaning of orisha Eshu, I saw the difference in meaning. Exu is the Orisha of seduction and the child has no meaning for me seduction. I reluctant.
Codes The investigation of the atmosphere has two meanings. For me are unique. Logo I stopped playing and put into oblivion, as it was ambiguity.
She ambiguity undermines the vision of the childishness of children had when I went, I returned to my routine of working with unaccompanied children. However, the fund did not feel peace, always liked Caribbean.
Caribbean was my childhood. His paintings are beautiful watercolor or gouache. It was my childhood. That the now hear the story of Rede Globo in the 70’s saw the beginning of the novel Gabriela Clove and Cinnamon. The difference is that I I was a child at the time and went to find out who he was and how they were made. As I grew older I began to paint in watercolor only feel these images.
However, no Could break into my mind just because the photo was wrong As I see children and their education in 1999 was stronger than the Caribbean.
Today I have seen the error, it was not for the Caribbean. Once again it is part of my childhood and the culture of my country. But the call was different.
Only note that all calls are listed in my online since 1996, not only barefoot as a symbol, also had the word “documents.” And, as always was to keep documents organized and as always I was listening documents. And barefoot. And other statements that are not it was resolved peacefully. During those two pieces of information never could resolve.
Today I went online and has a search on the government website that accompanies documents of the former United States Supreme Court and Congress North American national. I was happy at first because the beginning of the expression “Documents” had been resolved.
It was a place of ancient documents. All manuscripts. Another thing that was missing in my peace mind. For over ten years since I wrote by hand in accordance with existence of the computer in my daily life. But the site I’ve seen value of the manuscripts. These manuscripts are the arguments could use more than 12 years. They are important for social movements that have troubled former first lady and the Brazilian died.
For example, work or work child. è movement established and placed in culture and the country is so insignificant, they begin to have respect and support governments inside and outside the country, showing that areas with this index shows the distrust of there are problems for the future of social noise.
Now, as the calls: You should worry children can not be placed in conflict the former first lady observed since 1995. Today we see the problems of social disorder and strong collective emotional in the country and the world’s collective emotional, but here the specific order of use indiscriminate of children is so strong that it is the number of destruction This focus on the number of viable excuses culture do anything prohibited by this former first lady.
They do it in secret and questionable, which has already hate crimes and mafia groups in parallel. Development of a number of protection against the testimony and evidence in court.
As break do not know.
But I feel more relaxed this time because it really would be my article would use as a good argument my conversations that child labor is not a good practice.
Then is the link to the document that describes child labor in 1916 noting that 16 was also a word that turned to float in my head years.
I turned the golden number, or unlink to 1.6 which is a gold number. And taking the number of Exu.
I do not want Exu place as an important element. And seven is a number of Exu. 1 + 6 equals 7. For the number 16 does not match the number of captured Exu gold in my mind.
Is a number that I like. Is a number that is not allow to seventh in July, to have its meaning.
He has to 1.6 to have retained its importance. The proportions of the number of Gold is the ratio of wind movement. Transfer to 7 has not acquired math magic. Keep the magic and continues in 1.6. Could be found in my entire life out of seven years.
He was 16 miles endurance training in rowing on the lakes, did 16 repetitions in the exercises pesos. I turned on the number of passwords for the gold decimating a mathematical infinity.
That is, after 1.6 continues number of decimal places at infinity. Is a number assigned by the letter Greek Fi (zero cut by a stroke) and has the value = 1.61803 ..
Pythagoras and the number of gold
Pythagoras (C. 582-c. 500 BC), Greek philosopher and mathematician, born on the island of Samos. He was instructed in the teachings of early philosophers Ionian Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes. It is said that Pythagoras had been sentenced to exile from Samos by aversion to the tyranny of Polycrates. Towards the 530 BCE settled in Crotona, a Greek colony in southern Italy, where he founded a movement for religious, political and philosophical, known as Pythagoreanism. Philosophy Pythagoras known only through work of his disciples.The Pythagoreans assumed certain mysteries, similar in many points orphic riddles. Counseled obedience and silence, abstinence from drinking food, simplicity in dress and possessions, and the habit self-analysis. The Pythagoreans believed in immortality and transmigration the soul. It is said that the actual Pythagoras proclaimed that he had been Euphorbus, and fought during the Trojan War, which had been allowed to bring to his earthly life the memory of all its existing previous.Among the extensive mathematical investigations carried out by the Pythagoreans found their studies of odd and even numbers and primes and squares, which are essential in the theory of numbers. From this arithmetical standpoint, they cultivated the concept number, which became for them the crucial principle of any proportion, order and harmony in the universe. Through these studies, established a scientific foundation for mathematics. In geometry the great discovery of the school was the theorem hypotenuse theorem known as Pythagoras, Which states that square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to sum of the squares of the other two sides.A stirred in Croton caused by an association of ideas contrary to the Pythagorean ended with the burning of the headquarters. It is believed that Pythagoras was forced to flee and died in Metaponto Crotona. Persecution of the Pythagoreans led the exodus to the mainland, giving to the diffusion of Pythagorean ideas.
A harmonious proportions for the body, before the Greeks who studied and Romans, captured in this picture Leonardo da Vinci. Served to illustrate the book The Divine Proportion of Luca Pacioli published in 1509. In this book describes which have to be the proportions of the art constructions. In particular Pacioli offers a perfect man in which relationships between different parts of your body proportions are golden. Stretching hands and feet and making the navel center draw the circle. The square is side height body that matches in a full body, with length between ends of the fingers of both hands when arms are extended and forming a 90 degree angle with the trunk. It turns out that the ratio between the height of male (square side) and distance navel to the tip of the hand (radius of the circle) is the number aureus.Table Dali Leda Atomica, Painted in 1949, synthesizes centuries of tradition and symbolic mathematics, especially Pythagorean. This is a watermark based on the golden ratio but prepared in such a way that is not obvious to the viewer. In the sketch of 1947 notes the thoroughness of Geometric Analysis Dalí made by staff based on the Pythagorean mystic.
In nature, the golden ratio appears also in the growth plants, pineapples, distribution of leaves on a stem, dimensions of insects and birds and the formation of shells. The spiral logarithmic If take a golden rectangle ABCD and you remove the Square AEFD which lower side is the side AD of the rectangle is the rectangle EBCF is golden. If then we take the square it EBGH, the HGCF resulting rectangle is also golden. This process can be reproduce indefinitely, resulting in a series of rectangles embedded golden converging towards the vertex of a spiral logarithmic. This curve been captivated by her beauty and property care mathematicians, artists and naturalists. Also called spiral equiangular (the cutting angle of the radius vector to the curve constant) or spiral geometry (the radius vector increases in a geometry while the polar angle decreases progression arithmetic). J. Bernoulli was fascinated by her charms, called spira mirabilis, Praying it was recorded in his grave.The spiral logarithmic bound to rule the golden rectangles harmonious growth of many plant forms (flowers and fruits) and animals (shells), those in which the shape is maintained invariant. The most visually representative is the shell nautilus.
The trigonometry and golden number
Consider a regular pentagon in which the diagonals are drawn. In this figure only shows three different angles. Are 36 º, 72 º and 108 º. The relationship between these angles is as follows: 72 is twice 36 and 108 is three times 36. There are several different types of triangles isosceles, from which we selected three: the triangles ABE, ABF and AFG. The remaining triangles are similar to one of these and not provide additional information. Finally, there are four different segments in these triangles, we call: BE = a, AB = AE = b, AF = BF = AG = c and GF = d. Lengths these segments meet: a> b> c> d.Consider triangles each of these separately and apply the theorem breast.Triangle ABE Triangle ABF Triangle AFG As 72 º = 180 º -108 º, it is verified that sen108 sen72 º = º.
In Therefore we can establish the following proportions:
Full text and explain the examples above Look this site: http://rt000z8y.eresmas.net/El%20numero%20de%20oro.htm
created by Ignacio A. Felipe Langarita
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The years have passed since then I feel relieved that the 16 is 1916. The rest of the document speaks for itself.
Read the text on the following link you will find interesting, with other texts:
http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=59
And keep in mind that neither Karl Marx as child labor, which suffered 12. Therefore, the text would be nice if someday I had to Marxists argue with more difficult for me to see the former first lady This will be the text and heavy drinking.
Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916 (1916)
Citation: An act to prevent interstate commerce in the products of child labor, and for other purposes, September 1, 1916; Enrolled Acts and Resolutions of Congress, 1789-; General Records of the United States Government; Record Group 11; National Archives.
Photograph #102-LH-488, ARC Identifier: 523148, Bibb Mill No. 1, Macon, GA. January 19, 1909; by Lewis Hine; Lewis Hine Photographs for the National Child Labor Committee, ca. 1912; Records of the Children’s Bureau; Record Group 102; National Archives.
How to use citation info.
(on Archives.gov) This act limited the working hours of children and forbade the interstate sale of goods produced by child labor. The 1900 census revealed that approximately 2 million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States. The census report helped spark a national movement to end child labor in the United States. In 1908, the National Child Labor Committee hired Lewis Hine as its staff photographer and sent him across the country to photograph and report on child labor (see Hine photo). Social reformers began to condemn child labor because of its detrimental effect on the health and welfare of children. Among those helping to incite public opinion against it were Karl Marx and Charles Dickens, who had worked at a factory himself at age 12. One of the most effective attacks came from Dickens’s novel Oliver Twist, which was widely read in Britain and the United States. Dickens’s masterwork portrays an orphan boy, raised in poorhouses and workhouses and by street criminals in industrialized London in the 1850s.
The first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen bill of 1916, was based on Senator Albert J. Beveridge’s proposal from 1906 and used the government’s ability to regulate interstate commerce to regulate child labor. The act banned the sale of products from any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of 14, from any mine that employed children under the age of 16, and from any facility that had children under the age of 16 work at night or for more than 8 hours during the day. Although the Keating-Owen Act was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson, the Supreme Court ruled that it was unconstitutional in Hammer v. Dagenhart 247 U.S. 251 (1918) because it overstepped the purpose of the government’s powers to regulate interstate commerce. In its opinion the Court delineated between the Congress’s power to regulate production and commerce. A second child labor bill was passed in December of 1918 as part of the Revenue Act of 1919 (also called the Child Labor Tax Law). It also took an indirect route to regulate child labor, this time by using the government’s power to levy taxes. It too, was soon found to be unconstitutional in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Company 259 U.S. 20 (1922). The Court reasoned that “The power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce does not extend to curbing the power of the states to regulate local trade.”
Despite the nation’s apparent desire for federal laws against child labor, the Supreme Court’s rulings left little room for federal legislation. A constitutional amendment was soon proposed to give Congress the power to regulate child labor. The campaign for ratification of the Child Labor Amendment was stalled in the 1920s by an effective campaign to discredit it. Opponents’ charges ranged from traditional states’ rights arguments against increases in the power of the Federal Government to accusations that the amendment was a communist-inspired plot to subvert the Constitution. Federal protection of children would not be obtained until passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938, which was also challenged before the Supreme Court. This time, the movement to end child labor was victorious. In February of 1941, the Supreme Court reversed its opinion in Hammer v. Dagenhart and, in U. S. v. Darby (1941), upheld the constitutionality of the Fair Labor Standards Act. It is still in force today.
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This text is really worth a call involving the connection between me and the late former First Lady of Brazil Ruth Cardoso in 90 years. She was alive and was sometimes a problem comply with its connections, always complained. Things for students. I finished with my study time, but the work is work. As I complained, but always made at the end or beginning of works if he calms down. And I would say it was peaceful. Just do not is worried about that bothers me a bit to continue recovery efforts. I think it was reckless when apart. Today day I understand, I can see what he saw. Just do not get anxious to be a man and not have anxiety and frivolity. But you have stomach. I told a professor and senator wants to leave their students prepare. Must have the stomach. It’s a bad phase, children do not understand, but suffer.
But the proportion of calls to guys I think there was a dignity to comment on the appointment. There was a need for service was a basic rule of her and me. Want talk, Look!
In addition, the calls continued and I complained a lot, but doing what? Upon receipt had to be fulfilled, but this is underway. But there are others, and this is something else:
The protection of women’s education. (In science).
But only one reader. Be careful not to call in the second rediscover wheel, I have taken this course, distributed to the local population and officials. It was a continuation of a work of UNESCO (chamada!!) And they took advantage. In addition to details of the accident … months later was the appointment of the dean of Harvard and the USP, a number increasing UNESCO in the table of women in senior management and education. In the table until 2001 that showed the positions academic with women in the world there are almost none.
Good Week
Benedito Ubiratã
